How to choose a chainsaw
Gasoline saw device
Almost all chainsaws have the same structure, both outside and inside. All "insides" are covered with a protective plastic case (1). A removable cover (2) is located in the upper part of the housing, which closes the ignition system. After removing it, you can wipe the candles if they are “flooded”, or completely replace these parts. Rubberized handles (3 and 4) are located in the front and back parts for performing saw manipulations. Throttle (12) and lock (13) shutters are located on the rear handle. With their help, the chainsaw is launched into operation. In front of the device there is a bar (5), on which the saw chain (6) is attached. Inside, the chain is put on a gear, the rotation of which, in turn, is provided by a bearing mounted on a shaft.
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| Chainsaw device |
To start the unit, it is enough to pull the manual starter (7) once or several times, or, as it is popularly called, for the “shmorgalka”. To pump gasoline into the carburetor, a pump (8) is located above the starter. It is a rubber transparent hemisphere, pressing on which with a finger, we pump up fuel. Next to the rear handle is a lever (9) to turn on the engine. On the left side (in right-handed chainsaws) are the fuel tank (10) and the oil reservoir for chain lubrication (11). Please note that the engines in these saws are two-stroke, so the oil is pre-mixed with gasoline and then poured into the fuel tank. In front of the front handle there is a chain brake (14) in the form of a locking plate. In the bent state of the shield, the chain is blocked and cannot rotate, and if pressed back, the blockage is removed. This lock provides operator safety when transporting the powered machine from one workstation to another (for example, from tree to tree).
Parameters to pay attention to when choosing
When choosing a chain saw, you should pay attention to the following indicators:
- Power. Chainsaw power is usually quoted in horsepower (hp). It directly affects the speed of cutting through a certain thickness of wood material. For example, saw STIHL MS 250 35 Price from 15 999 up to 16 599 ₴ with 3.1 hp will cut a 250 mm thick log in about 4 seconds, while a less powerful model will take longer. This indicator is especially important if you plan to use the saw daily for several hours to cut a large number of cubic meters of firewood. There is also a relationship between power and bus length: the longer the bus, the more powerful the device, as a rule. So for sawing a tree with a thickness of 400 mm, a more powerful device is needed than for a tree with a thickness of 200 mm. If you have to fell a “large” forest (with an average trunk thickness of 450 mm or more), then you should take a saw with a power of 3.5 hp or more.
- Tyre. There are tyres with removable and non-removable tips and saw sprockets. We recommend purchasing a tyre with a removable tip for chainsaws that are used regularly (for construction teams and utilities) - if the tip is damaged, you can always buy a removable nozzle and change it. If the saw is used infrequently (for chopping firewood or pruning trees), then a cast tyre will do. Please note that each chainsaw allows you to use tyres of different sizes (permissible sizes are indicated in the passport) and different designs. For example, saw Daewoo DACS5218XT , can be equipped with a 18th or 20th tyre (size indicators), with removable or non-removable tips. Pay attention also to the chain pitch (the wider, the higher the productivity of the unit), which fits the tyre. For example, a chain with a pitch of 0.325 is suitable for cutting through door and window openings, grooves, for felling small trees (up to 40 cm thick). To fell a "large" forest, it is better to take tyres with a chain pitch of 0.375 or 0.404. Naturally, more powerful devices are needed to work with such tyres.
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| Different tyre sizes |
- The weight. There is a direct relationship between weight and power - the more powerful the unit, the heavier the device. Devices weighing up to 5 kg are considered relatively light. They can work for quite some time, but of course with breaks. For example, Makita DCS230T with a weight of 2.5 kg, very handy for decorative work and work at height, when you often need to raise your hands with a saw at face level or even higher. But Husqvarna 3120 XP 42 Price from 59 999 ₴ with a weight of 10.4 kg, you can't drag it like that, but you can cut "large-caliber" logs.
- Anti-vibration system. ATS dampens a certain amount of vibration transmitted to the chainsaw body. Thanks to this device, it is easier to work (hands get tired less), and a more accurate cut is also obtained. Almost all chainsaws are equipped with ABP systems, except perhaps the "noname" Chinese ones, so check this information with the seller before buying.
- Keyless chain tension. This function is provided by a regulator mounted on top of the circuit guard. Thanks to him, you can tighten or, on the contrary, loosen the chain without removing this protection. This function is very convenient, given that after 30 - 40 minutes of saw operation, you need to tighten the chain.
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| Keyless chain tension example |
- Chain brake. This mechanism blocks the rotation of the drive sprocket, on which the chain is put on, if the tyre rebounds from the tree, for example, when it hits a knot. This prevents injury to the operator. There is no chain brake except on the cheapest models, but in most devices this function is present.
- Oil consumption and the possibility of using analogues. Different manufacturers allow different dosages of oil. For example, Chinese manufacturers recommend mixing gasoline and oil in a ratio of 1:25, while the same STIHL and Husqvarna allow fuel and lubricants in their saws in a ratio of 1:50. Too little oil will cause the bearings to wear quickly, and too much oil will cause carbon deposits. Before buying, check if a third-party (non-native) two-stroke oil can be used in the saw you have chosen. Also, each oil has its own expiration date, so you should not buy for future use if you do not plan to use the saw daily.
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| The proportions of the mixture of oil and gasoline |
Conclusion
For home work on preparing firewood for the winter or trimming trees, models weighing up to 5 kg and with a power of up to 3 hp are suitable. It is convenient to engage in regular felling of large trees with powerful models from 3.5 hp. with chain pitch from 0.375 to 0.404. Construction crews should pay attention to devices with a tyre with a removable tip, as well as a keyless chain tightening function, because with constant work, the chain tension will need to be adjusted often.
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