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The maximum amount of dry laundry at which the washing machine provides normal washing quality and does not experience overload. For two people, a machine with a capacity of up to 5 kg is enough, for more — accordingly, more. The optimal value for families are models for 6 and 7 kg. For large families, washing machines for 8 kg, 9 kg and even 10+ kg will be appropriate. For small apartments, it is worth noting narrow washing machines that have a depth of up to 40 cm, but at the same time capacity like in full-size machines.

Note that for different work programmes the allowable capacity can also be different. For example, for a quick wash, this number is most often noticeably less than the maximum stated in the specifications. These details should be specified in the instructions for the unit.

The volume of water used by the washing machine during a standard wash cycle. It is measured while washing the maximum amount of cotton underwear for this model with a normal programme and a temperature of 60 degrees.

When evaluating efficiency, one should consider not only the actual water consumption but also the maximum load. So, for example, a model with a load of 7 kg and a consumption of 49 litres per kilogram of laundry will be more economical than a model of 5 kg with a consumption of 40 litres: the first consumes 49/7 = 7 litres per 1 kg of laundry, the second 40/5 = 8 litres per kilogram. This moment is important, first of all, if a large amount of washing is expected.

Many modern automatic washing machines are equipped with intelligent systems that can adjust the water consumption to the actual load and avoid overspending.

When selecting a washing machine based on the number of programs, it's important to keep in mind that having 12 to 16 modes is typically sufficient. More programs, such as 25 or more, may simply offer variations of the same standard programs with different settings for duration, temperature, spin speed, etc. This may not necessarily provide a wider variety of programs. Additionally, machines with the same number of modes may have different specific sets of programs. While more modes increase the possibilities for selecting an optimal mode, it also significantly increases the cost.

It is worth noting that the cotton, synthetics, wool, rinse, drain and spin programmes are mandatory for almost any washing machine, and there is no need to specifically specify their presence. Therefore, only more rare and specific modes are indicated here: custom programme, quick wash, delicate, hygiene (baby care), sportswear, dark garmentjeans, shirts, outerwear, down clothes, bedding, blankets, refresh (no washing), night wash and self clean, etc. Here is a description of these and some other popular modes:

— Custom programme. A programme, all the parameters of which can be configured manually: set the temperature, duration, spin speed, additional processing features, etc. at your discretion. It significantly expands the possibilities for working with the machine and allows you to select the optimal modes for special cases when the list of ready programmes is not enough. In the simplest models, a "custom programme" is created ba...sed on one of the standard modes, in which the user makes his changes. For the next use of such a programme, it is enough to select it on the control panel without setting the settings again. In more advanced units, it is possible to store several unique programmes in memory at once.

— Quick wash. The quick wash programme is especially useful for lightly soiled items that do not require thorough treatment (for example, casual clothes after a hot day). In addition to time, such a programme also allows you to significantly save water and electricity. Well, of course, it can be real salvation if the time for washing is limited, but you can’t do without it. Often, the design provides more than one quick wash mode — for example, for 15 and 30 minutes. It allows you to choose the option that is optimal in terms of speed/economy and thoroughness.

— Delicate wash. A programme designed for sensitive materials — fine silk, cambric, lace fabrics, some types of nylon and polyester, etc. Usually, washing in this mode occurs with an increased amount of water and the permissible load does not exceed 2 kg — all this reduces the friction of items among themselves, and large volumes of water also allow you to effectively rinse the fabric. Spinning is usually carried out at low speeds or skipped altogether. And in some models, other options for delicate washing may be provided; they should be specified separately. However, if you plan to wash things that require especially careful handling, you cannot do without this programme.

— Hygiene (baby care). The mode implies increased thoroughness of processing. It is designed to remove dirt, pathogenic bacteria, etc. from the processed items as much as possible. Such effective processing is especially important for clothes intended for young children Therefore, most often this programme is just called “baby care”. This mode has two main features. Firstly, by default, washing is carried out at an elevated temperature — this ensures the effective removal of contaminants and the destruction of germs. Secondly, rinsing after washing is done with great care — so that even in the most hard-to-reach folds there are no traces of detergent left. In some machines, other nuances are also provided; they should be specified separately.

— Sportswear. Special programme for processing sportswear between workouts. Such clothes are usually soaked with sweat but there are not so many other contaminants on them. It is sufficiently resistant to mechanical stress but does not always allow high temperatures. Workouts can take place daily, so spending a lot of time on washing can be a luxury — after all, things must also dry. This is taken into account in this mode: “sportswear” washing usually involves a small load and low temperature, and reduced spin speeds may also be provided. However, the specific features of this programme, again, do not hurt to clarify separately.

— Dark garment. A key feature of dark fabrics is that even minimal detergent residues are clearly visible on them. Therefore, a mandatory feature of the programme for dark clothes is thorough rinsing. In addition, this mode often provides gentle processing in general — so that things retain their original colour longer and do not form wrinkles on them.

- Denim clothes. Despite the overall strength and reliability, denim is quite sensitive to intensive washing. Therefore, in washing machines for such things, a special gentle mode with a lower temperature and a reduced speed of rotation of the drum can be provided. This mode is also well suited for thin shirts, which is why in some models it is called accordingly - for example, "shirts / jeans".

- Shirts. Special program for delicate washing of shirts and other business style clothes. The key feature of this mode can be called a small load at low speeds and a short spin time, in order to avoid the formation of wrinkles on the fabric.

- Down jackets (down things). Natural fluff easily accumulates water and is very reluctant to "return" it. Therefore, one of the features of this program is usually long pauses in the rotation of the drum - so that the water that has accumulated in the product has time to drain effectively.

- Outerwear. A special program for washing demi-season and winter jackets with an emphasis on respect for the filler of the upper wardrobe. The mode involves the use of low temperature, low rotational speed of the drum and gentle spin. This program also helps outerwear fabrics retain their waterproof properties.

- Bed sheets. Program adapted for the gentle washing of sheets, duvet covers and pillowcases. For best results, it is suggested to load the same type of bed linen into the washer drum. The program is usually aimed at work with a small load (2-4 kg).

— Blankets. Care mode for duvets and bedspreads of various types. As a rule, this program is designed for washing voluminous bed linen in the manner of duvets. One of its features is usually long pauses in the rotation of the drum - so that the water that has accumulated in the product has time to drain effectively. This program is also suitable for washing lined and downy items.

— Refresh (no washing). A special mode for processing things that do not require a full wash but need cleaning. A typical example of such things is clothes that have been “idle” for a long time, accumulating dust and unpleasant odours, or things that have been worn once and not for long. In the refresh mode, the machine does not use water but other methods of processing fabrics. One of the most popular options is an intense stream of hot steam: it removes or destroys substances responsible for an unpleasant smell, blows out dust from fabrics that could accumulate there, and also facilitates the removal of wrinkles on fabrics, which are smoothed out when dry. bad. Another option for refresh is blowing with active oxygen. This method does not remove dust as effectively, but it perfectly eliminates unpleasant odours. Anyway, when refreshing, detergents are not used, and clothes are not wetted with water, and in extreme cases, slightly moistened. Often things can be used almost immediately after being removed from the drum.

— Self clean. A utility programme for cleaning the insides of the machine from various contaminants that may accumulate during operation. In this mode, things are not loaded, and the drum is intensively washed with hot water, which allows you to effectively clean it and destroy pathogenic bacteria. However, it is worth noting that in many models this programme practically does not differ from ordinary washing at a high temperature (about 90 °C). So even in the absence of a special self-cleaning mode, similar results can be achieved by running a high-temperature wash with an empty drum without spinning.

- Night wash. Low noise program designed for washing machine at night and similar conditions. In this mode, the machine works as silently as possible: with smooth movements of the drum, low spin speed and turning off the sound signals of the equipment. The rest of the washing parameters are usually set manually.

Intelligent (adaptive) wash allows you to turn on the device without setting specific parameters. The washing machine will do everything for you. So in some models, the type of fabric is automatically determined and, based on the programmed programmes, the corresponding operating mode is activated. In other models, the frequency of use of a particular mode by the user is analyzed, and the washing machine adjusts to your preferences. Anyway, this solution allows you to turn on the wash without hesitation — the machine will set the mode on its own.

This parameter characterizes the efficiency of electricity consumption by the washing machine. Classes are designated in Latin letters from A to G, in ascending order of energy consumption. At the same time, in class A there are subclasses "A+", " A++ " and "A+++"; more pluses means less energy consumption, and the most economical option to date — A +++ — outperforms class A by almost a third.

Machines of classes A + and above are today considered economical, class A — medium, lower classes — high consumption. However, indicators below A are typical for semiautomatic low-cost models. As well as for units with dryers (see above) in which high energy consumption is simply inevitable.

The ability to control the washing machine from a smartphone, tablet or other similar gadget. To do this, you need to install a special application on your gadget. In this case, the connection can be made via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are obvious - the operating distance. So Wi-Fi allows you to control the device from anywhere in the world, while Bluetooth allows you to control it in close proximity. Control from a smartphone often turns out to be more convenient, understandable and intuitive to use than the unit’s own control panel. Another advantage is that the control gadget can receive various messages from the machine: about the start, end and overall progress of washing, about failures and malfunctions, etc.

Compatibility of the machine with one or another voice assistant. It can be either a universal service like Google Assistant, or a specialized solution like Hoover Talks. it is not uncommon to support several options at once.

This compatibility allows you to control the washing machine using voice commands. Often this is more convenient than using a traditional control panel — especially since modern voice assistants are becoming more and more “smart”, able to recognize complex requests and even predict the user’s intentions (based on his past actions). However, you need to keep in mind that to use this function, you need a smartphone, tablet or another gadget with a voice assistant installed on it. It is this gadget that is the “brain” of voice control, and the machine only receives and processes commands from it. On the other hand, this format of work also has its advantages: the unit can be controlled from a distance, and the device with a voice assistant plays the role of remote control.

The specific capabilities of voice assistants (including supported languages) should be specified separately.

The maximum noise level produced by the machine during operation. Most often indicated for spinning — this is the noisiest mode of operation; for units without spinning (such as semiautomatic devices), this paragraph indicates the overall volume or the volume in the noisiest mode.

The quieter the machine works, the more comfortable it is for others. This moment is especially critical if there are small children in the house. However, the decibel used to measure loudness is a non-linear unit, and the actual noise level is best estimated from comparative tables in special sources.