Comparison Realme 6 Pro 128 GB / 8 GB vs Realme X2 Pro 256 GB / 12 GB

Characteristics of the main (and most often the only) display installed in the device.

In addition to the basic properties - such as size, resolution (according to it, screens are conventionally divided into HD, Full HD, 2K and more), sensor type (most often IPS, OLED, AMOLED, Super AMOLED, Dynamic AMOLED,), this list can more specific features. Among them are the shape of the surface ( flat or curved), the presence and version of the Gorilla Glass coating (including the top v6 and Victus), HDR support and the refresh rate (a frequency on top 60 Hz is considered high, namely 90 Hz, 120 Hz and 144 Hz) . Here is a more detailed description of the characteristics relevant to modern displays:

- Size. Traditionally, the screen size is indicated in inches. A larger display i...s more convenient to use: more information is placed on it, and the image itself is better readable. The downside of increasing the size is an increase in the dimensions of the device. Today, smartphones with screens of 5" or less are considered small. 5.6 - 6" and up to 6.5" is already a medium format. Also, many modern models have a size of 6.5". Classic phones without touch screens do not need a large size - in them it usually does not exceed 3".

- Permission. Screen resolution is specified based on its vertical and horizontal dimensions in dots (pixels). The larger these dimensions (with the same size) - the more detailed and smoothed the picture looks and the less individual pixels are visible on it. On the other hand, increasing the resolution increases both the cost of the display itself and the requirements for the phone's hardware. It is also worth noting that the same resolution on screens of different sizes looks different; so when evaluating detail, it is worth considering not only this parameter, but also the PPI number (see below).

— PPI. The density of dots (pixels) on the screen of the device. It is indicated by the number of dots per " (points per ") - the number of pixels for each horizontal or vertical segment of 1 ". This indicator depends both on the size and resolution, but in the end it is the PPI number that determines how smooth and detailed the image on the display is. For comparison, we note that at a distance of about 25 - 30 cm from the eyes, a density of 300 PPI or more makes individual pixels almost invisible to a person with normal vision, the picture is perceived as a complete one; at greater distances, a similar effect is noticeable at a lower point density.

— Matrix type. The technology by which the screen sensor is made. This parameter is indicated only for relatively advanced displays that are superior in performance to the simplest LCD screens of push-button phones. The most widespread in our time are the following types of matrices:

• IPS. The most popular technology for the screens of modern smartphones. It provides a very decent image quality, viewing angles and response speed, although it is somewhat inferior in these parameters to many more advanced options (see below). On the other hand, IPS also has important advantages: durability, uniform wear, and also a rather low cost. Thanks to this, such screens can be found in all categories of smartphones - from low-cost to top-end.
• AMOLED. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) sensor technology developed by Samsung. One of the key differences between such matrices and more traditional displays is that they do not require external illumination: each pixel is its own light source. Because of this, the power consumption of such a screen depends on the characteristics of the displayed image, but in general it turns out to be quite low. In addition, AMOLED matrices are distinguished by wide viewing angles, excellent brightness and contrast ratios, high color reproduction quality and fast response time. Due to this, such screens continue to be used in modern smartphones, despite the emergence of more advanced technologies; they can be found even in top-end models. The main disadvantage of this technology is the relatively high cost and uneven wear of the pixels: dots that work longer and more often at high brightness burn out faster. However, usually this effect becomes noticeable only after several years of intensive use - a period comparable to the operational resource of the smartphone itself.
• AMOLED (LTPO). An advanced version of AMOLED panels with the ability to dynamically adjust the refresh rate depending on the tasks performed. The abbreviation LTPO stands for Low Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide. Behind this term is a combination of traditional LTPS technology and a thin layer of TFT oxide film with the addition of hybrid-oxide polycrystalline silicon to drive the sweep switching circuits. AMOLED panels (LTPO) reduce the energy consumption of the gadget by an order of magnitude. So, when performing active actions, the device screen uses the maximum or high refresh rate, and while viewing pictures or reading text, the display reduces the rate to a minimum.
• Super AMOLED. An improved version of the AMOLED technology described on top One of the key improvements is that in Super AMOLED screens there is no air gap between the touch layer and the display located under it. This made it possible to further increase the brightness and image quality, increase the speed and reliability of the sensor response and at the same time reduce power consumption. The disadvantages of such matrices are the same as the original AMOLED. In general, they are quite widespread; most smartphones with similar screens belong to the middle and top categories, but there are also low-cost models.
• OLED. Various types of matrices based on the use of organic light emitting diodes; in fact - analogues of AMOLED and Super AMOLED, produced not by Samsung, but by other companies. The specific features of such screens may be different, but for the most part they are, on the one hand, more expensive than popular IPS, on the other hand, they provide higher image quality (including brightness, contrast, viewing angles and color fidelity), and also consume less energy and have small thickness. The main disadvantages of OLED screens are the high price (which, however, is constantly decreasing as the technology develops and improves), as well as the susceptibility of organic pixels to burn-in when broadcasting static images for a long time or images with static elements (notification panel, on-screen buttons, etc.). ).
• OLED (polymer). Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) screens, which do not use glass as a base, but a transparent polymer material. We emphasize that we are talking about the basis of the sensor; from on top it is covered with the same glass as in other types of screens. However, this design offers a number of advantages over traditional "glass" matrices: it provides additional impact resistance and is great for creating curved displays. On the other hand, in terms of optical properties, plastic still falls short of glass; so screens of this type are often inferior in image quality to their “peers” made using traditional OLED technology, and with a similar picture quality, they are noticeably more expensive.
• OLED (LTPO). OLED-matrices with adaptive refresh rate, which can be changed in a wide range based on the tasks performed. In games, screens with LTPO technology automatically raise the refresh rate to the maximum values, while viewing static images, they reduce it to a minimum (from 1 Hz). At the heart of the technology is a traditional LTPS substrate with a thin TFT oxide film on top of the TFT base. The ability to control the flow of electrons provides dynamic control over the refresh rate. The competitive advantage of OLED (LTPO) is reduced power consumption.

In addition, screens in modern smartphones can be made using the following technologies:

• pls. A variation of IPS technology created by Samsung. In some respects - in particular, brightness, contrast and viewing angles - it surpasses the original, while it is cheaper to manufacture and allows you to create flexible displays. However, for a number of reasons, it is not particularly popular.
• Super AMOLED Plus. A further development of the Super AMOLED technology described on top. Allows you to create even brighter, more contrasting and at the same time thin and energy-efficient screens. However, most often such screens in our time are simply referred to as "Super AMOLED", without the "Plus" prefix.
• Dynamic AMOLED. Another AMOLED improvement introduced in 2019. The main features of such matrices are increased brightness without a significant increase in power consumption, as well as 100% coverage of the DCI-P3 color space and compatibility with HDR10 +; the last two points, in particular, make it possible to reproduce modern high-low-cost cinema on such screens with the highest quality. The main disadvantage of Dynamic AMOLED is traditional - the high price; so such matrices are found mainly in top models.
• Super Clear TFT. A joint development by Samsung and Sony, which appeared as a forced alternative to Super AMOLED matrices (the demand for them at one time significantly exceeded production capabilities). True, the image quality of Super Clear TFT is somewhat lower - but in production such matrices are noticeably simpler and cheaper, but in terms of performance they still surpass most IPS screens. However, in our time, this technology is rare, giving way to AMOLED in different versions.
• super LCD. Another alternative to various kinds of AMOLED technology; used mainly in HTC smartphones. Similar to Super AMOLED, such screens do not have an extra air gap, which has a positive effect on both image quality and the clarity of sensor responses. A notable advantage of the Super LCD is its good power efficiency, especially when displaying bright whites; but in terms of overall color saturation (including black), this technology is noticeably inferior to AMOLED.
• LTPS. An advanced type of TFT matrices, created on the basis of the so-called. low temperature polycrystalline silicon. It allows you to easily create screens with a very high pixel density (more than 500 PPI - see on top), achieving high resolutions even with a small size. In addition, part of the control electronics can be built directly into the sensor, reducing the overall thickness of the display. The main disadvantage of LTPS is the relatively high cost, but nowadays such screens can be found even in low-cost smartphones.
• S-PureLED. A technology developed by Sharp and used primarily in its smartphones. Actually, the technology of the matrices themselves in this case is called S-CG Silicon TFT, and S-PureLED is the name of a special layer used to increase transparency. S-CG Silicon TFT is positioned by the creators as a modification of the LTPS technology described on top, which allows to further increase the resolution of the display and at the same time build more control electronics into it (up to a whole “processor on glass”) without increasing the thickness. Of course, these screens are not cheap.
• e-ink. Matrices based on the so-called "electronic ink" - a technology common primarily in electronic books. The main feature of such a screen is that during its operation, energy is spent only on changing the image; a still picture does not require power and can remain on the display even in the absence of power. In addition, by default, E-Ink matrices do not glow on their own, but reflect outside light - so their own backlight is not necessary for them (although it can be provided for work at dusk and darkness). All this provides a solid energy savings; and for some users, such screens are purely subjectively more comfortable and less tiring than traditional matrices. On the other hand, E-Ink technology also has serious drawbacks - first of all, a long response time, as well as the complexity and high cost of color displays, combined with poor color reproduction quality on them. In light of this, in smartphones, such matrices are a very rare and exotic option.

— Sweep frequency. The maximum display refresh rate, in other words, the highest frame rate that it can effectively reproduce. The higher this figure, the smoother and smoother the image is, the less noticeable the “slideshow effect” and blurring of objects when moving on the screen. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the refresh rate of 60 Hz, supported by almost any modern smartphone, is quite sufficient for most tasks; even high-definition videos hardly make use of high frame rates these days. Therefore, the scanning frequency in our catalog is specially specified mainly for screens capable of delivering more than 60 Hz (in some models - up to 240 Hz). Such a high frequency can be useful in games and some other tasks, it also improves the overall experience of the OS interface and applications - moving elements in such interfaces move as smoothly as possible and without blurring.

HDR. A technology that allows you to expand the dynamic range of the screen. In this case, the range of brightness is implied - simply put, the presence of HDR allows the screen to display brighter whites and darker blacks than on displays without support for this technology. In practice, this gives a noticeable improvement in image quality: the saturation and reliability of the transmission of various colors improves, and the details in very light or very dark areas of the frame do not “sink” in white or black. However, all these advantages become noticeable only on the condition that the content being played is originally recorded in HDR. Nowadays, several varieties of this technology are used, here are their features:

• HDR10. Historically the first of the consumer HDR formats, it is extremely popular today: in particular, it is supported by almost all streaming services with HDR content and is standardly used for such content on Blu-ray discs. Provides a color depth of 10 bits (more than a billion shades). At the same time, HDR10+ format content (see below) can also be played on devices with this technology, except that its quality will be limited by the capabilities of the original HDR10.
• HDR10+. An improved version of HDR10. With the same color depth (10 bits), it uses the so-called dynamic metadata, which allows transmitting information about the color depth not only for groups of several frames, but also for individual frames. This results in an additional improvement in color reproduction.
• Dolby vision. An advanced standard used particularly in professional cinematography. It allows you to achieve a color depth of 12 bits (almost 69 billion shades), uses the dynamic metadata mentioned on top, and also makes it possible to transmit two image options at once in one video stream - HDR and normal (SDR). At the same time, Dolby Vision is based on the same technology as HDR10, so in modern electronics this format is often combined with HDR10 or HDR10 +.

- DC Dimming support. Literally from English, Direct Current Dimming is translated as direct current dimming. This technology is designed to minimize flicker in OLED and AMOLED screens, which, in turn, reduces the load on the user's visual apparatus and protects eyesight. The “flicker-free” effect is achieved by directly controlling the brightness of the backlight LEDs by changing the voltage applied to them. Due to this, a decrease in the intensity of the glow of the screen is ensured.

- Curved screen. A screen that has curved edges to which the displayed image extends. In other words, in this case, not only glass is curved, but also part of the active sensor. Displays where both edges are curved are sometimes referred to as "2.5D glass" as well; also there are devices where the screen is bent only on one side. In any case, this feature gives the smartphone an interesting appearance and improves the visibility of the image from some angles, but it significantly affects the cost and can create inconvenience when holding (especially without a case). So before buying a model with such equipment, ideally, you should hold the device in your hand and make sure that it is comfortable enough.

- Gorilla Glass. Special high-strength glass used as a display cover. It is characterized by endurance and resistance to scratches, many times superior to ordinary glass in these indicators. It is widely used in smartphones, where large screen sizes put forward increased requirements for coverage reliability. Modern phones may have different versions of this glass, here are the features of different options:

• Gorilla Glass v3. The oldest of the current versions is released in 2013; now found mainly among inexpensive or obsolete devices. However, this coating also has undoubted advantages: this is the first generation of Gorilla Glass, where the creators have made a noticeable emphasis on resistance to scratches from keys, coins and other objects that the phone can “collide” in a pocket or bag. In this respect, the v3 version remained unsurpassed until the release of Gorilla Glass Victus in 2020.
• Gorilla Glass v4. Version released in 2014. A key feature was that the development of this coating focused on impact resistance (whereas previous generations focused mainly on scratch resistance). As a result, the glass is twice as strong as in version 3, despite the fact that its thickness is only 0.4 mm. But here's the scratch resistance, compared with its predecessor, has decreased slightly.
• Gorilla Glass v5. A gorilla improvement released in 2016 to further improve impact resistance. According to the developers, the glass of the v5 version is 1.8 times stronger than its predecessor, remaining intact in 80% of drops from a height of 1.6 m "face down" on a rough surface (and guaranteed impact resistance is 1.2 m). Scratch resistance has also improved somewhat, but this material still falls short of v3 performance.
• Gorilla Glass v6. Version introduced in 2018. For this coating, a 2-fold increase in strength compared to its predecessors is claimed, as well as the ability to endure multiple drops on a hard surface (in tests, v6 glass successfully endured 15 drops from a height of 1 m). The maximum drop height (single) with guaranteed integrity is declared at 1.6 m. Scratch resistance has received practically no improvement.
• Gorilla Glass 7. Original name for Gorilla Glass Victus - see below.
• Gorilla Glass Victus. The "heir" of Gorilla Glass 6, released in the summer of 2020. In this coating, the creators paid attention not only to increasing the overall strength, but also to improving scratch resistance. According to the latter indicator, Victus surpasses even the v3 version, not to mention more sensitive materials (and compared to v6, scratch resistance is claimed to be twice as high). As for durability, it allows you to guarantee to endure single drops from a height of up to 2 m, as well as up to 20 consecutive drops from a height of 1 m.

The most popular nowadays are chips from Qualcomm and MediaTek, CPUs from Unisoc are slightly less common. Qualcomm has several processors of each series, namely Snapdragon 778G, Snapdragon 7 Gen 1, Snapdragon 7+ Gen 2, Snapdragon 7s Gen 2, Snapdragon 7 Gen 3, Snapdragon 7+ Gen 3, Snapdragon 865, Snapdragon 870, Snapdragon 888, Snapdragon 8 Gen 1, Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1, Snapdragon 8 Gen 2, Snapdragon 8 Gen 3, Snapdragon 8s Gen 3. And Mediatek has a low cost series MediaTek Helio P and a line of advanced chipsets MediaTek Dimensity (Dimensity 1000, Dimensity 7000, Dimensity 8000, Dimensity 9000).

Knowing the name of the CPU model inst...alled in the smartphone, you can find detailed data on a particular CPU and evaluate its level and general capabilities. This is especially true in light of the fact that these capabilities depend not only on the number of cores and clock speed, but also on the specific nuances of the design.

The clock frequency of the CPU that the device is equipped with. For multi-core processors, which are standard in modern smartphones, the frequency of each individual core is implied; and if the processor has cores with different frequencies (see "Number of cores") — usually, the maximum indicator is given.

In general, high performance smartphones have high frequency of the processor. However, note that this parameter itself is not directly related to the capabilities of the CPU: many other features of the chip affect the actual performance, and often a low cost solution with a higher clock speed turns out to be less performant than an expensive one, and at the same time, presumably, more "slow" processor. In addition, the overall performance of the system directly depends on a whole set of other factors — primarily the amount of RAM. Therefore, when evaluating a smartphone, it is worth focus not so much on the frequency of the processor, but on the general specs of the system and visual indicators like the results in tests (see below).

The model of the GPU used in the mobile phone.

This module is responsible for all tasks related to graphics; accordingly, its specs directly affect the efficiency of processing a particular picture. This is especially noticeable in the example of modern 3D games. Therefore, the presence of a powerful video adapter is especially important for gaming smartphones. And knowing the model of the GPU, you can find detailed data about it and evaluate its capabilities.

The parameter determines the overall performance of the smartphone: the more RAM, the faster the device works and the better it copes with an abundance of tasks and / or resource-intensive applications (ceteris paribus). This is even more true in light of the fact that large amounts of "RAM" are usually combined with powerful advanced processors. However, only devices with identical operating systems can be directly compared with each other, and in the case of Android, with the same versions and editions of this OS (for more on all this, see "Operating system"). This is due to the fact that different operating systems and even different versions of the same OS can differ markedly in terms of RAM requirements. For example, iOS, thanks to good optimization for specific devices, is able to work efficiently with 3 GB of RAM. For modern versions of Android in the regular edition (not Go Edition), the mentioned 3 GB is actually the required minimum. Under such an OS, it is better to have at least 4 GB or 6 GB of RAM. In high-end devices with powerful electronic "stuffing" you can also find more impressive numbers - 8 GB or even 12 GB or more.

The volume of storage installed in the phone.

This volume directly determines how much data can be stored on the phone without using removable memory cards. This indicator is especially important for models that don't have memory card slots. However, even if memory cards are supported, built-in storage is still preferable: at least it works faster, and it usually has fewer restrictions on its use (in particular, most smartphones allow you to install applications only on storage).

As for specific volumes, the actual minimum for a modern smartphone is 32 GB; less “capacious” devices are becoming increasingly rare these days. 64 GB is considered a comfortable minimum, 128 GB is considered average indicator, 256 GB - above average. Some high-end devices are equipped with 512 GB and even 1 TB< /a>.

We also note that the actual amount of memory available to the user will inevitably be somewhat less than the total, since part of the drive is occupied by operating system files.

The type of the phone's storage.

The specification determines, first of all, the speed of the memory, and, accordingly, the performance of the device as a whole (especially when working with large amounts of data or resource-intensive applications). Nowadays, there are two basic specifications — eMMC and UFS; each of them has several versions. In general, storages with UFS 3.1 and UFS 4.0 are the fastest and most advanced today, but they cost accordingly, and therefore are used mainly in premium smartphones. A more detailed description of these standards looks like this:

— eMMC. One of the simplest and most affordable standards for solid state memory — for example, this specification is used by most flash drives. In smartphones and other portable gadgets, this standard was generally accepted until 2016, when the introduction of UFS began; however, even now it is very popular — mainly due to its low cost and low power consumption. But the speeds of eMMC are noticeably lower than those of UFS. So, in the latest version of eMMC 5.1A (2019), the read speed is up to 400 MB/s, and the earlier and more common version of eMMC 5.1 provides up to 250 MB/s in read mode, up to 125 MB/s in sequential write mode and all only up to 7.16 MB/s with random writes (in other words, in application mode).

— UFS. A solid state drive standard designed to be a faster, more advanced successor...to eMMC. In addition to the increased data exchange speeds, the format of work has also been changed in UFS — it is fully duplex, that is, reading and writing can be performed simultaneously (whereas in eMMC these processes were performed in turn). Also, efficiency in random read and write mode has been significantly improved, which has a positive effect on the quality of work with applications. Specific data exchange rates and features of work depend on the version of UFS, nowadays you can find the following options:

• 2.0. The earliest of the versions found in modern smartphones; was released back in 2013. Provides data transfer rates up to 1.2 GB/s, the maximum available in this version. The newer version 2.1 has the same speeds, but it is supplemented with a number of important innovations. Therefore, UFS 2.0 memory is rarely used in mobile phones.
• 2.1. The first of the versions that are widely used in smartphones; was released in 2016. In terms of speed, it does not differ from version 2.0 described above, and the main differences are in some improvements. In particular, UFS 2.1 introduced storage status indicator (“health”), the ability to remotely update the firmware, as well as a number of solutions aimed at improving overall reliability.
• 2.2. An evolution of the UFS 2.x standard introduced in Summer 2020. A key improvement is the introduction of the WriteBooster feature (originally introduced in UFS 3.1); this feature allows you to significantly increase the write speed and, accordingly, the overall performance in tasks like running applications.
• 3.0. A version released in 2018 and implemented in hardware a year later. The throughput was increased to 2.9 GB/s per two lines (1.45 GB/s per one), new versions of the M-PHY electronic protocol (physical layer) and UniPro based on it were introduced, the reliability of working with data and the temperature mode of operation of the controllers has been expanded (theoretically, it can range from -40 °С to 105 °С). UFS 3.0 is used mainly in fairly advanced smartphones, although in the future we can expect this specification to be extended to more modest models.
• 3.1. The successor to the UFS 3.0 standard, officially introduced in early 2020. It is positioned as a specification created specifically for high-performance mobile devices and aimed at increasing speed while minimizing power consumption. To do this, UFS 3.1 has a number of innovations: a non-volatile Write Booster cache to speed up writing; special DeepSleep power saving mode for relatively simple and inexpensive systems; as well as the Performance Throttling Notification feature, which allows the drive to send overheating signals to the control system. In addition, this standard may additionally provide support for the HPB extension, which improves reading speed.
• 4.0. UFS 4.0 doubled the throughput per lane (23.2 Gbps per lane) and improved energy efficiency by about 46% (compared to the previous 3.1 specification). UFS 4.0 standard memory modules provide maximum read speed up to 4200 MB/s, write speed up to 2800 MB/s. The high bandwidth makes the memory standard ideal for 5G smartphones.

The type of removable memory card slot.

In itself, the presence of such a slot allows you to expand the built-in storage of the device. This feature is especially useful given that large built-in drives are quite expensive — noticeably more expensive than removable cards. At the same time, we note that the design may provide certain restrictions on working with memory cards — for example, the inability to install an application on this card. These restrictions are usually directly related to the operating system used. And the speed of those cards is noticeably lower than that of the built-in storage. Therefore, there are phones without a memory card slot, so that there is nothing third-party in the operation of the device.

Separately, we note that in some devices for 2 SIM-cards, the slot for a memory card can be combined with a slot for a second SIM card. If you want to use 2 SIM and a memory card at the same time, you should choose a device with a dedicated slot for a memory card.

As for the types of cards, microSD cards are the most popular nowadays: they are quite compact, inexpensive and available in a variety of volume options. Some Huawei smartphones use a different standard – Nano Memory (colloquially Nano SD). Among the advantages of such cards are a miniature size (corresponds to nanoSIM), high capacity (64 GB, 128 GB and...256 GB options were initially presented), as well as high speed (from 90 MB / s). On the other hand, most often they are installed not in a separate slot, but instead of a second nanoSIM card.

The largest volume of memory card with which the phone supports. For more information about the cards themselves, see "Memory Card Slot"; here we note that capacious cards often use advanced technologies that are not supported by all devices, and sometimes phones simply do not have enough power to process large amounts of data. Therefore, for the convenience of choosing in our catalog, the maximum supported volume is indicated.

In fact, there are cases when some devices may exceed the claimed characteristics. However, it is worth focusing on official data, because, if officially supported volume is exceeded, normal operation of the card is not guaranteed.