Suitable for
— Pure water. Pure water pumps conventionally include all models for which the maximum particle size (see below) does not exceed 5 mm; in addition, the permissible content of mechanical impurities (also see below) for them is also small. Accordingly, many of these models are capable of pumping water with impurities normally, but they are not suitable for heavily contaminated liquids.
— Dirty water. This category includes pumps capable of working with large mechanical impurities — more than 5 mm. Note that some manufacturers position such models as mixed-use units, “for dirty and clean water”. However, they have a reinforced design, the presence of a grinder capable of grinding the particles mentioned, a reinforced body, an increased diameter of pipes, increased power, etc. .P. The main difference between such pumps and waste water pumps (see above) is the impossibility of working with high-viscosity liquids.
— Waste water. Waste water pumps are in many ways similar to the models for dirty water described above because they also have to deal with large particles. The main difference is the allowable size of these particles — it is 50 mm or more; in addition, the entire design of such pumps is created based on the high viscosity of the pumped liquid.
— Chemical liquids. Pumps designed to work with chemical liquids are distinguished primarily by the use of highly resistant materials in the design — usually polymers. Due to this, they can endur...e working with aggressive substances without consequences — acids, alkalis, oil products, solvents, liquefied gases, etc. In addition, other special solutions are often used in “chemical” pumps, which allow the safe pumping of flammable and explosive materials, very cold, hot, viscous liquids, etc. The main scope of such units is the industry — both chemical and oil, food, etc. Note that different models can be designed for different types of substances.
Maximum performance
The maximum volume of water that the device can pump in a certain amount of time. It is one of the key specs of any pump because characterizes the volume of water with which the device can work. At the same time, it does not always make sense to pursue maximum performance — after all, it significantly affects the dimensions and weight of the unit.
Some formulas allow you to derive optimal performance values for different situations. So, if the pump is designed to supply water to water intake points, its minimum required performance should not be lower than the highest total flow rate; if desired, a margin of 20-30% can be added to this value. And for sewer models (see "Suitable for"), everything will depend on the volume of wastewater. More detailed recommendations for choosing a pump depending on performance can be found in special sources.
Maximum head
The maximum head generated by the pump. This parameter is most often indicated in meters, by the height of the water column that the unit can create — in other words, by the height to which it can supply water. You can estimate the pressure created by the pump using a simple formula: every 10 m of head corresponds to a pressure of 1 bar.
It is worth choosing a pump according to this parameter, taking into account the height to which it should supply water, as well as adjusting for losses and the need for pressure in the water supply. To do this, it is necessary to determine the difference in height between the water level and the highest point of water intake, add another 10 to 30 m to this figure (depending on the pressure that needs to be obtained in the water supply), and multiply the result by 1.1 — this will be the minimum pressure required.
Max. pressure
The highest pressure that the pump is capable of creating during operation. This parameter is directly related to the maximum head (see above); however, it is less obvious, and therefore, it is indicated rarely.
Maximum particle size
The largest particle size that the pump can handle without problems. This size is the main indicator that determines the purpose of the device (see above); and in general, the larger it is, the more reliable the device, the lower the risk of damage if a foreign object enters the suction line. If the risk of the appearance of too large mechanical impurities is still high, additional protection can be provided with filters or grids at the inlet. However, such a measure should be considered only as a last resort, because from constant exposure to solid particles, the grids become clogged and deformed, which can lead to both clogging of the line and filter breakthrough.
Maximum power
Rated power of the pump motor. The more powerful the engine, the higher the performance of the unit, usually, the greater the pressure, suction height, etc. Of course, these parameters largely depend on other features (primarily the pump type, see above); but models similar in design can be compared in terms of power.
Note that high power, usually, increases the size, weight and cost of the pump, and also implies high costs of electricity or fuel (see "Power source"). Therefore, it is worth choosing a pump according to this parameter taking into account the specific situation; more detailed recommendations can be found in special sources.
Хар-ки двигателя
Основные характеристики двигателя внутреннего сгорания (см. «Питание»), установленного в мотопомпе. В данном пункте могут указываться, в частности, такие моменты:
— Объём. Рабочий объём цилиндра (цилиндров) двигателя. Больший объём, как правило, обеспечивает большую мощность, однако и потребление топлива при этом растёт соотстветственно.
— Мощность. Мощность бензиновых и дизельных двигателей традиционно указывается в лошадиных силах. Смысл этого параметра тот же, что и у номинальной мощности (см. выше), указываемой в ваттах. А одни единицы можно с легкостью перевести в другие: 1 л.с. приблизительно равна 735 Вт. Однако обозначение в лошадиных силах бывает удобнее для оценки и сравнения именно двигателей внутреннего сгорания.
— Количество тактов. В современных агрегатах с ДВС, включая мотопомпы, могут применяться 2-тактные либо 4-тактные двигатели. Первый вариант отличается более высокой мощностью и меньшей стоимостью; его недостатками являются высокий уровень шума и необходимость заправки топливо-масляной смесью, что не очень удобно. 4-тактные ДВС довольно сложны по конструкции и дороги, однако они проще в эксплуатации, да и шумят меньше. Отметим, что большинство 2-тактных двигателей — бензиновые, дизели этого типа на сегодня практически не встречаются.
— Количество цилиндров. Наличие нескольких цилиндров способствует равномерности вращения вала двигателя. С другой стороны, эта особенность заметно сказывается на размерах и весе..., притом что равномерность для насосов некритична. Поэтому подавляющее большинство двигателей в современных мотопомпах — одноцилиндровые.
— Способ запуска. Двигатель может запускаться как вручную, так и электростартером. О первом способе см. выше; ручной же запуск труднее (обычно нужно со значительным усилием дёрнуть за специальный тросик, часто несколько раз), однако более надёжен, т.к. не зависит от аккумулятора.
— Тип охлаждения. В современных ДВС применяются два типа охлаждения — жидкостное (водяное) и воздушное. Конкретно же в мотопомпах подавляющее большинство устройств использует второй вариант, т.к. воздушные системы значительно проще и дешевле, а их эффективность хотя и ниже, чем у водяных, но всё же вполне достаточна.
Fuel tank volume
The volume of the fuel tank in the water pump with an internal combustion engine (see "Power source"). Knowing this parameter and fuel consumption, it is possible to determine the maximum operating time of the unit on a single refill. Of course, the larger the tank, the longer the pump can work without refuelling, all other things being equal; on the other hand, a large capacity significantly affects the dimensions and weight of the device.
