Comparison Cybex Pallas M-Fix vs Maxi-Cosi Tobi

The weight of the child for which the car seat is designed.

In total, there are 5 main weight groups: 0 (0 – 10 kg; a rather rare option nowadays), 0+ (0 – 13 kg), 1 (9 – 18 kg), 2 (15 – 25 kg), 3 (22 – 36 kg). However, many car seats are produced that belong to several groups at once: 0 +/1 (0 – 18 kg), 1/2 (9 – 25 kg), 2/3 (15 – 36 kg), 0 + / 1/2 (0 – 25 kg) and even 1/2/3 (9 – 36 kg) and 0+/1/2/3 (0 – 36 kg). Such versatility affects the price, sometimes quite noticeably. On the other hand, a seat that matches several groups at once remains relevant for a child longer, and it usually costs less than two (or even more) separate products, each for a different weight category.

Note also that the weight group is directly related to age; refer to "Age range" for details.

The results shown by the seat in crash tests according to the standards of ADAC — the General German Automobile Club, an authoritative European organization of motorists.

Car seats in such tests are evaluated in several categories, but in this point only one parameter is taken into account — the safety of the child, his/her protection in emergency situations. The results of such a test are indicated by the number of points; the fewer points in the end — the safer the product. It should be noted that the ADAC standards are much stricter than those by which the seat is evaluated during mandatory certification; tests are conducted with different directions of impacts (frontal and side), with dummies of different ages and so on. Therefore, the result of the ADAC test very reliably describes the real level of protection that the product provides in accidents.

According to this indicator, modern car seats can be divided into the following categories:

— very good (< 1.5);
— good (1.6 – 2.5);
— satisfactory (2.6 – 3.5);
— acceptable (3.6 – 4.5);
— unacceptable (more than 4.5).

The downside of a good value is usually a higher price; however, in an accident, that price may be a very small price to pay for the extra protection that can save your baby's life and health. ...r>
In conclusion, it should be noted that ADAC test methods are constantly being improved and tests are conducted every year. Therefore, when choosing a seat and comparing it with its counterparts, you should also pay attention to the year of manufacture; as a rule, newer products with the same number of points give a higher actual level of protection than older ones.

The age of the child for which the car seat is designed. Many models combine several age groups at once; such products, naturally, cost more, but remain relevant for the baby longer.

Note that this indicator is directly related to the weight group; Here are the main age ranges that are found nowadays, and the weight categories to which they correspond:

— 1 – 6 months (weight group 0); rare today.
— 1 – 12 months (weight group 0+); almost completely replaced the category "0".
— 8 – 48 months (weight group 1).
— 3 – 7 years (weight group 2).
— 6 – 12 years (weight group 3). Note that if only this weight category is indicated for the car seat, then it is a booster: a lining without a backrest, which is placed on the standard car seat and allows the grown-up child to use "adult" seat belts. If the note "6 — 12 years" is combined with another weight category - then we have a full-fledged car seat with a backrest.

In conclusion, it is worth saying that this characteristic is not strictly defined: children of the same age may differ in development and build. So, when choosing a seat, first of all, weight should be taken into account, and then age; and if the seat corresponds to the child's height and build, there is nothing wrong with the age discrepancy.

— Seat belt. Installation with the car seat belt. In weight groups 0, 0+ and 1, only the seat is secured in this way; the child's safety is ensured by the seat's own belts. In weight groups 2 and 3, the car belt is used to secure both the seat and the child.

— Tor Tether. An additional harness to increase the security of fixation used in seats with Isofix and Latch systems (see below). One end of the harness is attached to the upper part of the backrest and the other end is attached to a special bracket installed in the floor of the car behind the seat or in the trunk. This reduces the likelihood of the seat being knocked over in a sudden braking or frontal impact and increases the overall safety of the small passenger.

— Support leg. An additional attachment in the form of a support running from the bottom of the seat to the floor of the car. The purpose is similar to the Top Tether described above: it increases the safety of the seat and reduces the risk of the seat toppling when the car comes to a sudden stop. It is most often used with the Isofix system.

— ISOFIX. The installation system for car seats in the weight category up to 18 kg is primarily found in cars from European manufacturers. The seat is secured with two locks in the rear lower part, with optional additional attachments at the...top and/or bottom. The design ensures foolproof installation, making it nearly impossible to install the seat incorrectly. Isofix requires the car to be equipped with suitable brackets, but even without them, these seats can usually be securely installed using the regular seat belt. However, this option may not be cost-effective, as seats with the Isofix system tend to be relatively expensive.

— LATCH. Installation system similar to Isofix. It is used mainly in American cars and, accordingly, in car seats of American manufacturers. The seat is attached at three points — two at the bottom of the seat and one at the top — so that the seat cannot be installed incorrectly. Like Isofix, seats with Latch also allow fixation with the normal car seat belt.

The presence in the design of the child restraint system of special indicators of correct installation. They help ensure that the child car seat is installed correctly and follows all prescribed safety guidelines. Most often, such indicators are represented by special marks that change color or position when the car seat is installed correctly. Such indicators are placed on Isofix system locks, seat belts for fastening a child, etc. And some models for the youngest passengers have built-in levels or angle indicators that help set the seat in the correct position, facing the rear of the vehicle.

— Backrest tilt adjustment. The backrest tilt can be adjusted. This point is different for various weight groups. In groups 0+ and 1 not the backrest, but the whole seat tilts against the fixed base, and in groups 2 and 2/3 only the backrest tilts. The possibility of adjusting the backrest tilt is important if the child is in the car for a long time – by tilting the backrest you can let the child sleep or rest.

— Headrest height adjustment. According to safety requirements, the child's head should not be more than one third above the headrest, so it is necessary to adjust the headrest as the child grows.

— Harness height adjustment. The ability to adjust the height of car seat harnesses — such a need arises as the child grows.

— Backrest width adjustment. The ability to adjust the width of the backrest allows you to optimally adjust the car seat not only for constantly changing height, but also for the child's complexion.

— Horizontal position of a backrest. The backrest of the car seat is horizontal. The horizontal position is optimal for babies under the age of six months, since it avoids unnecessary stress on the spine, therefore group 0 car seats usually have this function.

— Removable backrest. It i...s possible to completely remove the backrest of the car seat. This function expands the possibilities of the seat: it can be used both for its intended purpose, with a backrest, and as a booster (for more information on boosters, refer to "Weight group 3").

— Swivel system. The seat swivels relative to a fixed base. This makes it easier to drop off and pick up the child: during these operations, the seat can be turned to face the car door, and when driving, it can be positioned in or against the direction of travel.

The car seat has structural elements that further protect the child from side impacts. At least such elements include sidewalls for head protection made of impact-absorbing material such as polyurethane foam; torso protection may also be provided. If you are looking for a car seat with the maximum level of protection, you should choose from models with additional side protection.

The type of harnesses installed in the car seat. The most popular models are 5-point, which can cover absolutely any age category. 3-points are more common in models for newborns. And the bumper is not at all connected with the belts, but it also reliably protects the kid. At the same time, there are also 2-point and 6-point (exclusive rare options for the carrycot) and car seats without belts. More details about each of them:

— 2-point. A harness that covers the child's body around the waist. A rather specific option, found in two types — baby carrycots (refer to "Weight group") and boosters, in which the main fixation is provided by the vehicle's seat belt.

— 3-point. Three harnesses (two across the shoulders, one between the child's legs) that converge in a buckle located near the abdomen.

— 5-point. In addition to the shoulder and crotch harnesses (as in 3-point), they have two additional harnesses at the waist. Such a system is more expensive, but more reliable than a 3-point system.

— 6-point. A distinct format, positioned as a safer alternative to 5-point harnesses, involves harnesses crossing over the shoulders, attaching to special stops on the chair, wrapping around the hips, and securing in a clasp between the child's legs. This configuration aims to minimize the risk of abdo...minal and genital injuries during a collision by keeping the clasp in the seat. However, due to the increased complexity of setup and use compared to 5-point harnesses, this design is less common.

— Bumper. The bumper, distinct from a harness, is a specialized rigid device covered with soft material for the child's comfort. It securely encases the child's torso, from chest to crotch, leaving the head, arms, and legs free without requiring additional harness straps. This design offers the advantage of distributing impact load evenly across a wide surface area in the event of an accident, unlike narrow harnesses. Some models even feature the bumper as a usable game table. However, drawbacks include weak upper torso fixation and potential discomfort for the child in warm weather.

— None. The complete absence of own harnesses in the design of the car seat. This feature is found in models of older age categories, where it is supposed to fasten the child with a standard car seat harness.

The country of origin of the brand under which the product is marketed. Often indicated by the nationality of the company or the location of its headquarters. At the same time, the actual production capacity of the brand often differs from the country of origin.

The quality of products is more influenced by the organization of processes and quality control at all production stages than by geography. Therefore, biases against brands from specific regions are generally unfounded. Consideration of a brand's country of origin becomes relevant only when the goal is to actively support or avoid manufacturers from a particular state.