How to choose RAM?
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Form factor
The first criterion for choosing RAM is the form factor, which can be of two types: DIMM and SO-DIMM. The first is used in desktop computers, which are assembled on the basis of appropriate motherboards and cases. As for SO-DIMM, there are options. The format was originally designed for laptops, but nowadays these modules can also be used to create ultra-compact devices, for example, HTPC or desktop versions.
Memory type
The memory type used is a crucial factor determining compatibility with the motherboard and PC performance. While DDR3 is considered outdated, motherboards supporting it are still available, and many users have effective systems based on this technology. DDR4, introduced in 2011, is widely popular, offering an 80% performance boost compared to its predecessor. The latest DDR5 modules exhibit similar performance improvements. Each new generation brings increased maximum volume, frequency, throughput, lower operating voltage, and enhanced timing options.
If you are going to upgrade your system unit or are choosing components for a new assembly, then when choosing RAM you must take into account the type of memory and compatibility with the motherboard. The DDR4 standard is more than enough for a home and office device, a decent gaming computer or laptop, and the expensive DDR5 is relevant only for the most demanding PCs and users who do not want to make compromises.
Memory capacity
The performance of your computer directly depends on the amount of RAM. In modern realities, the recommended minimum is 8 GB. This is enough for stable operation of the operating system without an additional swap file (since it negatively affects the operation of the SSD), launching a browser and watching online movies, simple games, and working with office and accounting software. A video surveillance server may require from 16 to 64 GB of RAM, depending on the number of cameras. If you plan to assemble a gaming device, it is recommended to have about 32 GB of RAM.
It is worth noting that motherboards are equipped with at least two slots for installing RAM, and in most cases four slots are available. Therefore, you can always increase the amount of RAM using additional sticks, but the maximum again depends on the capabilities of the motherboard, which also needs to be taken into account when choosing.
Clock rate and CAS latency
Clock rate, in simple terms, reflects the speed of data processing, but it does not always matter. This parameter should be taken into account only when assembling a gaming PC, where each nuance can increase performance by a certain percentage. For home and work, the difference between bars with different frequencies will not be noticeable.
For the DDR4 standard, the optimal choice would be 2133 – 2666 MHz (home/office PC) and 3200 – 4800 MHz (gaming). In the case of DDR5, you should pay attention to frequencies of 6000 – 6400 MHz. It is important to remember that the choice must be made based on the characteristics of the motherboard. In general, the user can choose RAM with the maximum frequency, but the actual performance will be limited by the motherboard's capabilities, so it will be a waste of money.
Considering CAS latency (CL or timing) in relation to frequency is crucial. At lower frequencies, there are shorter delays, while higher frequencies result in longer delays. For regular household tasks involving processing small data, it's more efficient to use standard RAM with minimal timings. High frequencies become crucial for gaming and handling large data volumes, where enthusiasts aim to minimize delays through overclocking while maintaining elevated clock performance.
If you are planning to assemble a PC with multiple RAM modules, look for ready-made kits from manufacturers. This is a guarantee of full compatibility and efficient operation. In case of modernization, it is necessary to know the specifications of the already installed RAM (frequency, timings) and choose a module with the appropriate characteristics (you can choose a different brand). Otherwise, there is a possibility of conflicts and malfunctions.
Overclocking support
Depending on the direction and purpose of using the computer, users may need to increase the overall system performance, but is it really that important and necessary to overclock the RAM? There is no definite answer here, since sometimes stock models turn out to be more effective than overclocked ones, and sometimes vice versa. It all depends on the components and their capabilities.
RAM overclocking is generally accessible through the motherboard BIOS, allowing users to adjust clock frequency, voltage, and timings. However, caution is essential, as such modifications can potentially damage the RAM if the modules are not designed for overclocking. To safely enhance performance, users should choose modules that support manual experiments or use technologies like XMP (Intel) or EXPO (AMD) for a quick and secure performance boost.
Cooling system
RAM typically doesn't reach critical temperatures affecting performance in regular office or home PC usage without heavy workloads. Additional heatsinks on modules are unnecessary for such setups; the basic case fans provide sufficient cooling. However, for gaming setups, especially during overclocking, an effective RAM cooling system becomes beneficial to manage increased operating voltage and chip temperatures.
It is worth noting that the presence of a cooling system significantly improves the appearance. Usually it is supplemented with branded attributes and bright colors, allowing you to choose an option to match the overall concept of the system unit, regardless of the scope of use. This is especially true for cases with viewing windows.
Additional features
There are several other features that you should pay attention to when choosing RAM. If the design factor is taken into account when creating a PC, then the built-in backlight will complement the internal appearance of the system unit. Many models support synchronization with other components to implement the idea of lighting and display uniform effects.
Consideration of the overall color scheme is vital to maintain a balance between uniqueness and aesthetics. Manufacturers provide various radiator colors to complement the case and components. For those desiring a pure white PC, options like the G.Skill Ripjaws S5 DDR5 2 x 16 GB RAM (for gaming) or Kingston Fury Beast DDR4 RGB Special Edition 1 x 8 GB RAM (for home) can be ideal. These choices will blend seamlessly with corresponding power supply units and graphics cards, creating a cohesive visual appeal.
To achieve maximum stability, you will need ECC (Error Checking and Correction) technology, which prevents operational errors and application and system crashes. Support for this functionality significantly increases the cost of RAM and is relevant only for certain types of devices — research and server stations, where interruptions in the operation of the equipment are unacceptable.
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