What is an NFC connection and how is it more convenient than Bluetooth and Wi-Fi?

NFC, which stands for "Near Field Communication," refers to a wireless pairing technology with a limited range of approximately 10 cm. Through the use of radio frequency identification, two devices can quickly and effortlessly establish a connection, allowing them to exchange information without the need for extensive setup or negotiations.

Difference between NFC and Bluetooth.

The most interesting thing about this technology is the small range and negligible time it takes to connect. If it takes a few seconds for a Bluetooth connection to a smartphone, a smartphone with an NFC chip will do it in a fraction of a second, and the information itself will be much more difficult to intercept than with a standard Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connection. NFC technology boasts low power consumption, as only one device requires a power source while the other device draws power from it. This is exemplified by travel cards in public transport, which rely on the energy from the terminal instead of having their own battery. Moreover, NFC chips are compact and can be seamlessly integrated into various objects and devices.

NFC chips in smartphones and smartwatches have become popular for contactless payments. Users simply set up a digital wallet, add a card, and can then make payments by bringing their device close to a payment terminal and confirming with a fingerprint. NFC tags are also used to establish quick connections between devices, enable fast data exchange, act as an alternative to QR codes for information retrieval, remotely control cameras, and provide secure authentication.

Smartphones with NFC

Examples of using NFC tags in portable technology

The most common use cases for NFC technology.

A smartphone with NFC is the most obvious use of NFC tags. In 2023, according to e-catalog, about 75% of modern smartphones support NFC technology, with entry-level smartphones being the exception. NFC chips offer a wide range of functionalities beyond contactless payment. They can be used for file transfers, reading information from tags and Near Field tags, setting up Bluetooth connection, making emergency calls, monitoring children, and performing various other tasks. An interesting recent example is the Dimple numeric keypad (https://dimple.io/), which enables users to automate routine actions and create shortcuts for tasks such as activating the camera, calling specific contacts, or starting a playlist for a run.

Wireless headphones, especially higher-end models with features like active noise cancellation and true wireless connectivity, have recently incorporated NFC chips. These chips enable quick pairing of the earbuds and seamless connection to smartphones, tablets, music players, and other audio sources. Manufacturers are also experimenting with NFC tags to automate tasks such as automatically playing music when the headphones are brought near a smartphone. However, standardization in this area is still in progress, and there are no universal standards established yet.

Many smartwatches and some fitness trackers support NFC technology for contactless payments, wireless communication, data transfer, or more tricky stuff. One interesting application of NFC technology is its integration with the Sleep As Android alarm clock app. Users can place NFC tags with captchas around their home, and to turn off the alarm, they need to physically get out of bed, locate a sticker with a digital tag, and bring their device close to it. This innovative approach adds an interactive element to the alarm clock experience and encourages users to get up and start their day.

In addition to cameras having NFC chips for easy photo and video transfers, there are other intriguing applications of NFC technology. One such example is a smartphone with NFC acting as a remote control. For example, the Canon EOS 200D allows users to use their smartphone screen as an additional exposure control, change shooting modes, and initiate captures. This feature proves to be more convenient than relying on self-timers or cable releases, particularly for self-portraits. These advancements demonstrate the versatility and convenience of NFC in enhancing camera functionalities and user experience.

Smart clothing has introduced a fascinating application of NFC technology, effectively transforming it into a smart gadget. In 2016, Arrow introduced a line of smart shirts called Arrowlife. These shirts featured sewn-in NFC tags that enabled users to share their contacts or LinkedIn profiles with a single touch, initiate their favorite playlist, or activate the "do not disturb" mode during meetings.

Smart watches with NFC

NFC in household appliances

Washing machine with NFC from Gorenje.

Household appliance manufacturers also widely use NFC technology to enhance the functionality of their products, particularly in areas like cooking and laundry.

An example of NFC technology in household appliances is the integration of digital labels in professional blenders. These labels enable the recognition of different containers or preset recipes. With NFC, blenders like the Vitamix Ascent A3500i can detect the type of container being used and automatically adjust the operating mode and mixing parameters accordingly. This feature simplifies the blending process and ensures optimal performance based on the specific container or recipe selected.

NFC technology is also applied in washing machines to simplify the process of selecting specific settings or programs. For instance, in the Gorenje WD2A model, an NFC chip is used to transfer information about the fabric type and washing settings directly to the washing machine. Additionally, the NFC tag can assist in diagnosing problems. By bringing a smartphone with a dedicated application close to the tag, users can initiate a check that will provide comprehensive information about any errors and instructions on how to resolve them. This integration of NFC in washing machines streamlines the user experience and facilitates troubleshooting processes.

Coffee makers and coffee machines that claim to be "smart" can be equipped with an NFC chip to make it easier to set parameters and manage the coffee brewing process. The tag may convey information about the type of coffee or the user's individual preferences. A whole business control system is built into professional models such as Kaffit K95L, which allows using wireless technologies to receive drink statistics, download a single recipe profile to all coffee machines, etc.

NFC chips can be used in smart fridges. For example, you can use your smartphone to share product information, set expiration date reminders, or get recipe recommendations based on available products.

Smart speakers

NFC in the smart home

An example of a smart door lock that can be opened using an NFC key on a smartphone.

Another prominent and widely adopted application of NFC chips in home appliances is for smart home controls. This encompasses various devices such as garage door tags, smart bulbs, smart door locks, and even familiar appliances like TVs with integrated smart speakers.

TV manufacturers have shown interest in NFC technology for a long time, but a common standard has yet to be established. For instance, LG introduced Tag On stickers that allow users to control their TVs with smartphones. Another popular option is wireless streaming of content from tablets or smartphones to TVs. However, it can be concluded that NFC has not yet become widely integrated into TVs, and its adoption in this domain remains limited.

NFC technology is widely supported by smart speakers to streamline the wireless connection process with other devices. With NFC, users can easily establish connection between their smartphones and smart speakers, transfer audio files from their smartphones to the speaker's memory, and automate actions using NFC tags. An interesting example is the Babbit smart children's speaker (https://babbit.com/), which incorporates built-in tags into toys. These tags can be used to launch specific playlists, albums, or radio stations, providing a personalized and interactive experience for children.

Smart light bulbs can be equipped with NFC chips to control lighting with a smartphone or an NFC tag. NFC technology offers convenient functionalities in smart home devices. It allows users to control lamps by tapping their smartphones on NFC tags, adjusting brightness and color temperature. Smart locks with NFC chips enable contactless authorization, granting access with a smartphone or NFC card, and providing access history tracking. NFC can also schedule electrical appliances, monitor power consumption, and manage power within smart homes.

Conclusion

A set of NFC tags for a smart home.

In conclusion, it is important to acknowledge the significant potential of NFC technology. It follows a distinct development trajectory separate from wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. NFC's simplicity, reliability, and energy efficiency have propelled its applications beyond electronic payments. Today, NFC plays a pivotal role in various domains, enabling access control, device connectivity, and ensuring home security. Its versatility and expanding possibilities make NFC a technology that should not be underestimated.